Showing posts with label sensor network. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sensor network. Show all posts

Wireless Sensor Networks: A Networking Perspective Review

Wireless Sensor Networks: A Networking Perspective
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There has been a lot of research done on Wireless Sensor Networks and the editors of this book give us a timely [circa 2010] perspective on the field.
In each chapter we see big differences between a WSN and a traditional wired network of machines. The most significant is the low power on a sensor in a WSN. Often, sensors might be scattered over some region, where each sensor has a battery and the battery cannot be replaced or recharged. We also see that communication power typically is greater than computational power inside a sensor. So many algorithms in the book stress clever ways to reduce the amount of time that a sensor is transmitting or receiving.
Another approach is with a heterogeneous network of sensors and actors [WSAN]. The actors are nodes with more power, so that they can do more computing than a generic leaf sensor, and they can often have a greater communication range. This takes advantage of the situation where we have a dense sensor network, and sensors around some event of interest might have redundant data. An actor might only solicit data from a few sensors around the event, saving precious energy on the other sensors.
A protocol stack can be used for a WSN. But one interesting suggestion is that the very modularity of the protocol approach leads to inefficiency. Thus the idea of a cross layer design, where several protocol layers might be merged. One problem however arises if you want to simulate this. Existing network simulators that have been used for WSN invariably use a protocol stack. A completely new simulator might have to be coded to test a mooted cross layer design.
One slight disappointment about the book was the lack of actual case studies of military WSNs. These were only mentioned en passant. It would have been neat to get more details about actual military deployed WSNs, if such data are publicly available.

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Learn the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions in wireless sensor networking
This book provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions in wireless sensor networking (WSN). Distinguished from other books, it focuses on the networking aspects of WSNs and covers the most important networking issues, including network architecture design, medium access control, routing and data dissemination, node clustering, node localization, query processing, data aggregation, transport and quality of service, time synchronization, network security, and sensor network standards.
With contributions from internationally renowned researchers, Wireless Sensor Networks expertly strikes a balance between fundamental concepts and state-of-the-art technologies, providing readers with unprecedented insights into WSNs from a networking perspective. It is essential reading for a broad audience, including academic researchers, research engineers, and practitioners in industry. It is also suitable as a textbook or supplementary reading for electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science courses at the graduate level.

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Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing) Review

Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing)
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Boukerche has amassed a collection of papers about the status of MANETs - Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. These deal with mobile nodes that are NOT cellphones. While there has been a vast amount of research and development on cellular radio networks, the book explains that these have huge simplifications compared to the problems contemplated by the book. A cellular network has fixed basestations, that are not power limited, and which do all the routing. A MANET consists of nodes that typically are all moving, and there might be no hierarchy of supernodes that can do the routing. Hence each node has to somehow have some routing ability.
Another limitation of a MANET is that the nodes are often severely power limited. So transmission range, bandwidth and processing ability are crimped.
Given all this, it is remarkable that any progress could even be made for MANETs. Yet the book shows that considerable work has been done. The use cases include warfare, where fixed nodes might be targets for the enemy.
Another important case is a VANET - a Vehicle Ad Hoc Network. Imagine cars flowing down a road. They could one day be able to communicate with each other, perhaps to warn of congestion and to aid routing. But many key questions remain unresolved. The chapters on VANET suggest that this topic is highly undeveloped. Which might be an opportunity for you to contribute.


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Learn the fundamental algorithms and protocols for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks
Advances in wireless networking and mobile communication technologies, coupled with the proliferation of portable computers, have led to development efforts for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. This book focuses on several aspects of wireless ad hoc networks, particularly algorithmic methods and distributed computing with mobility and computation capabilities. It covers everything readers need to build a foundation for the design of future mobile ad hoc networks:

Establishing an efficient communication infrastructure

Robustness control for network-wide broadcast

The taxonomy of routing algorithms

Adaptive backbone multicast routing

The effect of inference on routing

Routing protocols in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks

Transport layer protocols

ACK-thinning techniques for TCP in MANETs

Power control protocols

Power saving in solar powered WLAN mesh networks

Reputation and trust-based systems

Vehicular ad hoc networks

Cluster interconnection in 802.15.4 beacon enabled networks

The book is complemented with a set of exercises that challenge readers to test their understanding of the material. Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is appropriate as a self-study guide for electrical engineers, computer engineers, network engineers, and computer science specialists. It also serves as a valuable supplemental textbook in computer science, electrical engineering, and network engineering courses at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.

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Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols Review

Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols
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Callaway writes for a hardware engineer, rather than a software person. He gives a history of various existing wireless networks, where these were not necessarily deployed with an aim for use with sensors. So we see the Aloha network that spans the Hawaiian islands. And how the dispersed nature of the islands led to the development of this network some years ago.
He walks the reader up the protocol stack. For the physical layer to the data link to the network layer. The stack is used as a way to understand the similarities and differences between the various networks. (Think of a periodic table in chemistry, as a good analogy.)
Then, he goes into explanations of topics like antenna design. Very practical for any wireless network.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (Advanced Texts in Communications and Networking) Review

Wireless Sensor Networks (Advanced Texts in Communications and Networking)
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Of the plentitude of topics covered in this book, the overarching theme is that energy efficiency is the most important property of a wireless sensor network [WSN]. A typical WSN has sensor nodes deployed with very limited energy. The only exception tends to be when nodes have solar panels, but as the reader will see, this is considered by the editors to be a rare instance of a WSN. The book points out that a TCP/IP implemention of a WSN can be prone to energy overuse, since TCP was never designed with energy efficiency as a constraint.
Chapter 5 has a good explanation of Medium Access Control, including the important case of the hidden terminal problem. Overhearing is also a significant problem. This is where a node listens but has no data to transmit. The act of listening on a wireless channel consumes as much energy as transmitting. The typical solution is for nodes to periodically or even most of the time to sleep, to minimise the active duty cycle when the antenna is on.
Reservation based protocols seem best, out of the various protocols in Chapter 5, because of collision free communication. This is aided by the common case of many WSN nodes having little data to transmit. However the book warns that the disadvantages are higher latency and overhead, compared to contention based protocols.
Chapter 7 on the network layer suggests that the simplest algorithm is to flood. Gossiping is more efficient but can be much slower. However, a hierarchical protocol is often needed, to avoid exhaustion of nodes near the sink, as they are involved in relaying messages from nodes that are further away. The answer to go to a set of clusters, and only the cluster heads in each cluster are involved in relaying messages between clusters and to the sink.
The transport layer is discussed in chapter 8. The main idea is that messages from the sink to a node need to be reliable, though the latency can be long, with no dropped messages. These messages are often control commands. However, messages from a node to the sink can tolerate losses, since there is often a redundancy in such data coming from nearby nodes.
Chapter 9 on the application layer looks at trying to reduce the amount of data sent by nodes. Savings in reduced transmission energies often are greater than the cost of increased computational energy at the nodes doing the data compression. Where possible, in-network processing should be done.
The idea of a WSN is extended to a Wireless Sensor and Actor Network [WSAN] in chapter 14. The actor refers to nodes that can perform actions, like follow a target object. As can be seen, an actor could be mobile, unlike a typical stationary sensor node. Also, an actor is likely to have more computational power and memory and communication bandwidth. The actors let the network close a control loop.
Chapter 15 covers a wireless multimedia sensor network. These sensors might be directional, instead of scalar [omnidirectional]. The best example is where a sensor is a camera in the visible wavelengths. Such sensors have an orientation and also perhaps a focal length that can be varied; ie. a dynamic field of view is possible. The control logic for such sensors can be quite involved.
The chapter also raises an intriguing idea. It talks about Multiple Input Multiple Output [MIMO] abilities, where sensors close to each other form a joint antenna. Each sensor acts as 1 antenna in a composite MIMO approach. Very complex, and it is unclear if anyone has yet to implement such a network.
Chapter 16 on wireless underwater sensor networks has an error on page 401 - "In contrast to electromagnetic waves, optical waves do not such from such high attenuation". Well, optical waves are indeed also electromagnetic radiation.
This book could usefully be read in conjunction with another recent text, Mobile Intelligence (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing). While the latter concerns mostly cases where the nodes are mobile, there are many overlaps in problems encountered. And notably, energy efficiency is also the most common constraint in both types of networks.

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This book presents an in-depth study on the recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The authors describe the existing WSN applications and discuss the research efforts being undertaken in this field. Theoretical analysis and factors influencing protocol design are also highlighted. The authors explore state-of-the-art protocols for WSN protocol stack in transport, routing, data link, and physical layers. Moreover, the synchronization and localization problems in WSNs are investigated along with existing solutions. Furthermore, cross-layer solutions are described. Finally, developing areas of WSNs including sensor-actor networks, multimedia sensor networks, and WSN applications in underwater and underground environments are explored. The book is written in an accessible, textbook style, and includes problems and solutions to assist learning.

Key Features:

The ultimate guide to recent advances and research into WSNs
Discusses the most important problems and issues that arise when programming and designing WSN systems
Shows why the unique features of WSNs – self-organization, cooperation, correlation -- will enable new applications that will provide the end user with intelligence and a better understanding of the environment
Provides an overview of the existing evaluation approaches for WSNs including physical testbeds and software simulation environments
Includes examples and learning exercises with a solutions manual; supplemented by an accompanying website containing PPT-slides.

Wireless Sensor Networks is an essential textbook for advanced students on courses in wireless communications, networking and computer science. It will also be of interest to researchers, system and chip designers, network planners, technical mangers and other professionals in these fields.


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Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking) Review

Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach (The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking)
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This book provides you with lots of details required for beginners but there are better books available.
This book is written by two authors and you can clearly notice that. One author writes in a simple manner and other writes in a complicated way.
Bottom line is, this book might satisfy your needs but there are better books availabe other than this book.

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Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks Review

Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks
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This is a significant reference book. It provides a very thorough walk through of all wireless sensor communications issues and protocols. If you ignore all the appendices, bibliography, etc. it clocks in a ~430 pages. It uses a fairly tiny ~10-point font, making it a bit tough to read, which is a very minor quibble. I only point that out because if they had used a more readable 11-12 point font, this book would be well over 600+ pages, which just emphasizes how much material the book covers. They generally walk through high level concepts, then drill into issues and tradeoff considerations, followed by a further drilldown into specific protocols and examples. A very solid structured approach. There is a good bit of math in the book making it highly suitable for a textbook; indeed a graduate course is stated as a target audience. There is enough meat here that you could just skip that and still learn a lot. The writing is a bit on the dry/academic side, but coherent. A lot of tables with sample data points showing cross sections of different products and how they perform; very useful in showing trends and/or the wide range of solutions and tradeoff decisions designers make in their prducts. One thing to be aware of is that sensor OSs and internal sensor hardware is generally out of scope; the focus is on communications and associated considerations and protocols. That said, a good overview of WSN node hardware and operating system considerations is provided to help put communications issues in context. Bottom line: Excellent, comprehensive reference.

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Learn all you need to know about wireless sensor networks!

Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks provides a thorough description of the nuts and bolts of wireless sensor networks.
The authors give an overview of the state-of-the-art, putting all the individual solutions into perspective with one and other. Numerous practical examples, case studies and illustrations demonstrate the theory, techniques and results presented. The clear chapter structure, listing learning objectives, outline and summarizing key points, help guide the reader expertly through the material.
Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks:
Covers architecture and communications protocols in detail with practical implementation examples and case studies.
Provides an understanding of mutual relationships and dependencies between different protocols and architectural decisions.
Offers an in-depth investigation of relevant protocol mechanisms.
Shows which protocols are suitable for which tasks within a wireless sensor network and in which circumstances they perform efficiently.
Features an extensive website with the bibliography, PowerPoint slides, additional exercises and worked solutions.



This text provides academic researchers, graduate students in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering, as well as practitioners in industry and research engineers with an understanding of the specific design challenges and solutions for wireless sensor networks.

Check out www.wiley.com/go/wsn for accompanying course material!
"I am deeply impressed by the book of Karl & Willig. It is by far the most complete source for wireless sensor networks...The book covers almost all topics related to sensor networks, gives an amazing number of references, and, thus, is the perfect source for students, teachers, and researchers. Throughout the book the reader will find high quality text, figures, formulas, comparisons etc. - all you need for a sound basis to start sensor network research."
Prof. Jochen Schiller, Institute of Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin

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